Produção, rendimento e potencial antifúngico do óleo essencial de Melissa officinalis L, tratadas com Natrum muriaticum e Trichoderma asperellum sob o Aspergillus welwitschiae

Abstract

The use of homeopathy in agriculture has been increasingly consolidated as an effective and sustainable social technology in plant production. Through significant results in nutrient availability, plant growth, increased plant resistance to abiotic factors and pest and disease control. Melissa officinalis L. essential oil has antifungal potential, which has been tested in the control of phytopathogens in several cultures. The fungus Aspergillus welwitschiae is responsible for red rot in sisal culture. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the production and yield of essential oil of Melissa officinalis L. treated with Natrum muriaticum and Trichoderma asperellum and to validate the antifungal potential of the essential oil against Aspergillus welwitschiae. The design used was randomized blocks, with 3 treatments and 1 control, with 40 replications, totaling 160 experimental units. The treatments consisted of the homeopathic medicine and Trichoderma asperellum fungus: T1: Natrum muriaticum 5CH + Trichoderm; T2: Natrum muriaticums 5CH; T3: Fungus and water control.ssential oil and the essential oil had an antifungal effect on A. welwitschiae. The determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration was carried out according to the techniques standardized by the NCCLS, in which serial dilutions of the essential oil were carried out, obtaining a final concentration of: 5; 2.5; 1.25; 0.625; 0.315 μL/mLˉ1, in Elisa plates and then incubated in B.O.D at 28 oC for 72 hours. Tests were carried out to evaluate the fungicidal/fungistatic effect of the essential oil on the fungus. For this, 4 Petri dishes with PDA medium were prepared to perform the visual evaluation of the fungus mycelial growth, the plates were sealed, and incubated in B.O.D. for 72 hours at 28°C. The phytotechnical parameters evaluated were: height (ALT), shoot dry mass (MSP), shoot fresh mass (MFP) and essential oil yield (ROE), which were submitted to statistical analysis in the R computer program. Antimicrobial tests were visually analyzed for fungal mycelial growth. The use of homeopathic medicine + inoculation with Trichoderma asperellum promoted higher plant productivity, the medicine Natrum muriaticum 5CH influenced the yield of melissa essential oil and the essential oil had an antifungal effect on A. welwitschiae.