Uma revisão sobre a avaliação da perda de carga em condutos forçados

Abstract

Through several centuries, the passive relationship of the human with water developed to the active one, in reason of significant impositions, not only human nature reason, but also the scarcity nature of the natural resource reason. From the moment that a collective science was present, , in general, the active relationship initially walk into the scope of understanding the phenomenon, and them, after a few decades, starts touch a control levels, like the head loss equations in penstocks. This academic text aimed to make an exploratory research in order to clarify the knowledge about the formulations for the quantification of pressure loss in penstocks. The head loss equations were also proposed in a chronological way, with purpose to offer the reader an custom view of the contributions as an relation of custom view with the contributions of the whole. In this long timeline, formed by more than two centuries of evolution of science works models to head loss estimation, this academic text showed some milestones to signifcant contributions to the evolution of understanding and control of this phenomenon, which began with the fundamental equations proposed by Daniel Bernoulli and continued to the models proposed by Manning and Hazen-Williams. Although the evaluation of all the contributions reseached in this academic text, an evaluation of the proeminence of contributions was made, in recent bases, having been highlighted the contributions of: Bernoulli, Darcy-Weisbach, Manning and Hazen-Willians.