Programas de transferência de renda condicionada no contexto do neoliberalismo na América Latina: fatores determinantes e suas implicações

Abstract

This work presents a discussion about Conditional Income Transfer Programs (CITP) in the Latin America’s neoliberal context. It aims to identify which are the determining factors of the rise of these programs and their expansion throughout the region. The research has the 1990 and 2000 decades as reference, analyzing for this period the changes in economic and social context. It makes a brief reference to the periods when the transition to democracy took place in the countries. It emphasizes the reforms in the National States’ administrative model due to the globalization process of the economies, highlighting the socioeconomic conjuncture in Latin American countries. The study concentrates in the comprehension of the State reform project to best clarify its implications on the State’s disassemble, and, consequently, disassembling social rights that had effects on social policies, unleashing the process of implementation of the CITP through minimum income policies. The research was done through literature and documentary review. Three analytical categories were developed: exploratory, descriptive and explanatory. Through the explanatory research, a literature review was done, aiming to guide the ideas, to make the theme more explicit. A various type of material was used in the study, like publications, magazines, books, researches, monographs, thesis, etc. Through the literature review a contextualization about LatinAmerica’s socioeconomic reality was done in order to identify the conjuncture determinants that could propitiate the rise and development of the programs. To do so, some analyses categories were presented: financial capital; neoliberalism; policies against poverty and globalization. The descriptive research was done to characterize the CITP, on the willing to put together the elements that would justify the idea in place. For the elaboration of the description of the CITP, a general research was done, using the internet as the main resource. The explanatory research was focused on researching and interpreting the topics in study, explaining why the facts occur, having as a primacy the identification of factors that determined or contributed in order for them to occur. The theme was studied through these procedures under the justification that in a lot of cases it is observed the consequences separately from the causes, and that fact motivated this study that points out, in a contextualized form, the determinant factors as well as the implications for the rise of CITP in Latin America.