Parto Humanizado: desafios de uma política em construção

Abstract

This paper aims to discuss the care network at birth and birth. In order to answer the following questioning: How are the networks and policies for childbirth and birth care in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), tracing the historical trajectory of practices around birth as well as providing a panorama of the policies that lead obstetric care in Brazil and in the small municipality of Governador Mangabeira, a city with 21,435 inhabitants, located in the Recôncavo Baiano, taken as object of study in the composition of this research in order to understand the scope of care policies in small municipalities. In order to verify the effectiveness of policies, programs and ordinances aimed at the humanization of childbirth care, as well as the advances and challenges of the Pre-Childbirth and Birth Humanization Program (PHPN), the contributions of the National Comprehensive Assistance Program (PNAISM) and the perspectives of the strategy of the Stork Network. Thus, for this research was used the method of exploratory analysis of data obtained through secondary sources was used information from the database of the Ministry of Health through the Department of Information Technology of SUS (DATASUS), with data source of the Information System (SIH / SUS), Information System on Live Births (SINASC), IBGE data were also used, in addition to the theoretical contribution provided by the selection of articles, theses and monographs taken from electronic journals and digital platforms: SciELO, Redalyc , Which allowed the perception of the various challenges to be overcome in obstetric care in the country, which places Brazil as a record player in cesarean sections reaching 46% of deliveries in the public network and 88% in private networks, which contraposes determinations of the World Health Organization (WHO) that establishes a maximum percentage of 15% of cesarean deliveries. The study sought to know the numerous challenges regarding the effectiveness of policies aimed at improving practices and obstetric care services that seek to promote humanized care for pregnant women and newborns.