Qualidade fisiológica de sementes, índices biométricos e produtividade do amendoim na Bahia

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality of peanut seeds in different forms and times of storage and treated in pre-sowing with vegetable bioactivator, as well as the performance of seven genotypes, through agronomic characteristics, biometric indexes and productivity in two years of cultivation in Bahia. The laboratory, greenhouse and field trials were carried out in the premises of the Center for Agrarian, Environmental and Biological Sciences of the Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia. Seed analysis experiments were carried out in the vegetable physiology laboratory in a completely randomized design, in the 4 × 2 factorial scheme (4 doses of Fertiactyl® LEG and 2 storage forms), with four replications in four evaluation times. Field experiments were carried out in a randomized block design with four replications, in two agricultural years. Seven genotypes were evaluated, seeded in plots composed of eight lines of 5.0 m long and spaced 0.5 m between lines × 0.10 m between plants in the line. Two lines were used for the removal of the destructive samples (growth analysis) and three for final harvest (productivity), the other lines being used as border. All data were submitted to analysis of variance and the averages of the qualitative treatments were compared by tests of averages (Tukey and Scott Knott) and the quantitative treatments by means of the polynomial regression test. Pod storage is more efficient in maintaining the physiological quality of peanut seeds and the bioactivator Fertiactyl® LEG promotes better force of the peanut seedlings until the eight months of storage of the seeds, which does not occur at twelve months, when the use of Fertiactyl® LEG implies lower seed germination and emergence of seedlings. The biometric indices enable the evaluation of the vegetative and productive performance of the peanut tree, so that the lower number of leaves contributes to the increase of the net assimilatory rate and the index of the optimal leaf area, which promotes a greater growth rate of the crop, varies with the year and genotype, but it is not necessarily correlated with the greater accumulation of dry matter of the peanut. There are morphological differences of pods and grains in the studied peanut genotypes, which results in higher productivity of fresh pods and dry grains of G25, G40 and G59 genotypes.