Biomarcadores de tilápia do nilo e parâmetros abióticos da água para avaliação da degradação do Rio Chapadinha

Abstract

Concern about environmental quality has triggered the emergence of a series of studies, many of them focused on the monitoring of aquatic ecosystems. At the heart of many of these discussions are the anthropogenic activities, which are being singled out as one of the main factors responsible for the introduction of pollutants into the environment. In order to find possible changes in a fluvial water body, the objective of this work was to identify the level of aquatic degradation of different points of the Chapadinha River, Cruz das Almas (BA), using as markers the activity of hepatic enzymes Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) and Catalase (CAT) and the abiotic parameters of water (dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, conductivity and salinity). For this purpose, samples of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were exposed for 96h to water samples collected at 3 points of the Chapadinha River: Tapera, Chapadinha and Campo Limpo, in December 2017 and January 2018. After determination of the abiotic parameters of the water samples were collected in plastic buckets and transported to the UFRB Aquatic Ecotoxicology Laboratory. The water was transferred to glass aquariums (30L) where 10 specimens of tilapia (15.56 ± 3.27 g) were packed. At the end of the exposure period (96 h) the animals were euthanized, and the liver removed for enzymatic analysis. In December 2017, it was observed that, when compared to the control and other points sampled, the activity of hepatic GST was significantly higher in the organisms exposed to water collected at Chapadinha point. The hepatic CAT, in the same period, was significantly higher in the organisms exposed to tapera water, in comparison with the control and Campo Limpo farm. As early as January 2018, when compared to the control, only hepatic CAT had a significant variation in its activity, which was significantly lower in the organisms exposed to water from Campo Limpo. Comparing the two collections, it was observed that the activities of the enzymes in hepatic tissue of tilapia were higher in December 2017, in relation to the month of january, 2018, presenting significance in organisms exposed to water from points of Chapadinha and Campo Limpo. The values of pH, temperature and salinity registered in both months at the sampled sites are within the quality and characterization standard established by CONAMA. Already dissolved oxygen below the ideal and electrical conductivity at high values. With the results of the biochemical biomarkers and the abiotic data of the water it can be indicated that all the points studied of the Chapadinha river presented some degree of environmental degradation. Thus, it was not possible to identify the least degraded point, since the activity of the GST and CAT enzymes varied significantly in all the points sampled. However, the greatest variation of the studied biomarkers occurred in the animals exposed to the water samples in december, which may be related to the higher rainfall incidence.