Avaliação de genótipos de amendoim vagem lisa para as condições do Recôncavo Baiano

Abstract

Belonging to the Fabaceae family and genus Arachis, peanut is a dicotyledonous, herbaceous and annual plant. Its economic importance is related to the fact that its grains have a pleasant flavor and high energy value. Cultivated in more than 80 countries in both hemispheres, it is considered one of the main oilseeds produced in the world. On a larger scale, Brazilian peanuts come from the Southeast region, followed by the Midwest and Northeast. Considered the second largest consumer pole for peanuts, the Northeast has a market that is divided into green peanuts, sold in pods and dry. In Bahia, especially in the Recôncavo Baiano, about 80% of the production obtained is destined for the in natura consumption market, but the socio-economic importance of this culture for this region lies in the commercialization and use of both products and by-products. Given the economic, social and cultural importance of this legume in Bahia, especially in the Recôncavo Baiano, this work aimed to evaluate the most promising homogenized peanut genotypes for future improvement work and/or recommendation to farmers in the Recôncavo Baiano. The work was carried out in the field at the Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, in the municipality of Cruz das Almas, Recôncavo Baiano, from March to June 2010, and the growth characteristics were analyzed: height (cm) and diameter (cm) of the main stem, the number of leaves and branches; of plant production components: length (cm) and diameter (cm) of legume and the number of grains per legume; and productivity: number of legumes and grains, fresh mass of vegetables (g) and grains (g) and dry mass of vegetables (g) and grains (g). Analyzes were submitted to the Scott-Knot test at 5% probability. The agronomic characteristics are efficient descriptors to identify the superior genotypes, so those that present the best vegetative and productive performance, in the conditions of the Recôncavo Baiano, are the most promising for future improvement works and/or recommendation to the farmers of this Region, being able to indicate the genotypes nine (9) and twenty (20) with better characteristics.