Hemangiossarcoma em cães: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a malignant, invasive and undifferentiated tumor of the endothelium of the blood vessels with high metastatic power more frequent in the dogs, mainly between 9 and 11 years old. Due to the increased incidence of HSA, this study aimed to investigate how the scientific literature addresses the etiopathogenesis of hemangiosarcoma in dogs, as well as the epidemiology, clinical characteristics and treatment. The results indicate although it does not have a well defined etiology, it is understood that there is the genetic factor involved, however, the chronic solar incidence in dogs with light skin and in areas of glabrous or short skin may favor the development of canine HSA. The dogs with hemangiosarcoma may be asymptomatic or with nonspecific signs, but their clinical signs depend on the location, size and rupture of the neoplasia that, when it occurs, results in hypovolemic shock or cardiac tamponade, presence of metastasis and associated coagulopathies. For diagnosis, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) may help, but biopsy is most often indicated. In macroscopy, HSA appears as a soft or firm mass, isolated and delimited with a coloration ranging from reddish to blackish, which, when incised, exudes blood. In microscopy, the cells are fusiform, with large cell nuclei that are hyperchromatic, pleomorphic and pale cytoplasm, arranged in a way that it is possible to form irregular vascular canals of different sizes. The treatment of HSA will depend on the location and presence or absence of metastases, as well as its prognosis depends on the clinical stage. Cutaneous haemangiosis has a better prognosis and its treatment is usually only surgical. Chemotherapy is more successful before metastasis, but is indicated for the treatment of visceral hemangiosarcoma, even after surgical excision, in order to avoid metastasis.