Caracterização da suinocultura no município de Cruz das Almas/Bahia e Região

Abstract

This work was carried out to characterize pig farms in the city of Cruz das Almas and region. A total of 31 semi-structured questionnaires with 30 questions were applied to identify the predominant model of pig production, as well as to know the local reality of pig producers and to evaluate the socioeconomic aspects involved. Swine activity is predominantly developed by males (87.10%). It was found that the main source of income of the producers is agriculture (54.84%), where 51.51% have more than 10 years experience. It was evidenced that 100% of the properties do not have technical assistance. It was observed that, in addition to pigs, there are also cattle, sheep and chickens on farms. Among the predominant pig breeds, the predominance of Piau and Large White, both in 18.18% of the properties, followed by Landrace (12.12%) and Duroc (3.03%). In 30.48% of the properties are reared animals without breed. 71.87% of the interviewees provided a mixed diet (feed and animal feed) to the animals, using as receptacles for feeding, cement troughs (59.37%), tires (37%) and other types of containers (3.12 %). The water supplied to the pigs comes from wells (45.16%) and public supply (54.84%). Waste is used for fertilization in agriculture. In relation to diseases, 87% of the interviewees reported absence of diseases in the creations. Regarding vaccination, 59.37% did not, and 53.13% used drugs at creation (ivermectin and levamisole hydrochloride). It was observed that 97% of the producers wormed the animals. Reproductive control is not performed in 83.87% of the creations. The phases of creation observed were, complete cycle (43.75%) and growth or termination (56.25%). As for the production system, 96.87% use confinement. Regarding the type of installation, 87.5% have cement floors in the bays, 90.62% of the bays have cover and 84.37% have masonry walls. The difficulties faced in the activity are secondary to the lack of technical assistance and access to information. The lack of research on swine farming in the region contributes to the maintenance of negative production points.