Análise técnico-econômico de sistemas de colheita: toras curtas e toras longas sob métodos mecanizado e semimecanizado

Abstract

The mechanization of forest harvesting is one of the main factors that contributed to reduce costs and increase productivity, but high investments are needed, especially in the acquisition of machinery. Through this, it is necessary to conduct evaluations that allow to define more precisely which subsystem and machine to be used. This study aimed to evaluate technically and economically harvest systems of short logs and long logs under mechanized and semi-mechanized methods. Were evaluated four forest harvest modules: 1 ) short log mechanized (harvester and forwarder ), 2) long logs mechanized ( feller buncher and skidder) , 3) short logs semi-mechanized ( chainsaw and crane) , and 4 ) semi-mechanized long logs ( chainsaw and cableway ) . The economic analysis was based on the determination of operating costs, cost of production, internal rate of return and point of equilibrium. After the study, it was concluded that the higher operating cost was U.S. $ 272.75 per effective working hour, presented by module 2, however, it had the lowest cost of production. The value of the machine and the fuel price were the most influential variables in the operating cost of the mechanized system. The system composed by the feller-buncher and skidder had the highest internal rate of return, 113,73 %, assuming a profit margin of 10 %. Themodules 3 semi-mechanized had the lowest breakeven, 1680,50 hours/year.