Desempenho inicial de combinações copa e porta-enxerto de citros no Litoral Norte do Estado da Bahia

Abstract

Bahia is the second Brazilian citrus producer and the first in the North and Northeast regions, with the citrus industry generating many direct and indirect jobs in the state. Diversification of rootstocks is an important tool to improve the amount and season of citrus fruits, and in addition, genetic diversity is a guarantee of survival of plants against biotic and abiotic factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the initial performance of citrus scion and rootstock combinations in Northern Bahia State. A total of four experiments were carried out in the Gavião Farm, located in the municipality of Inhambupe. Soil is classified as yellow cohesive dystrophic oxisol and planting was carried out in 2008. In Chapter 1, the performance of 13 sweet orange varieties was evaluated. In Chapter 2, we evaluated the performance of Cara-Cara navel orange grafted onto six rootstocks. In Chapter 3, Pera sweet orange performance was evaluated onto six trifoliate orange hybrids. Finally, in Chapter 4 Persian lime performance was evaluated onto nine rootstocks. In all experiments, evaluation was in the period 2012 to 2014, corresponding to the first three harvests of the orchard. Experimental design was a randomized block with number of treatments according to the number of cultivars, four replications and two plants in the unit. Plants were spaced by 6.0 x 3.0 m and under irrigation. Data collected included tree growth, yield and fruit quality, and incompatibility between scion and rootstock in Chapter 3. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were grouped by the Scott-Knott test (P ≤ 0.05). In chapter 1, Aquiri, Biondo, Bittersweet, Kona, pinneaple, Russian CNPMF-03 and Salustiana sweet oranges showed the largest initial fruit production and CNPMF Pera D-6 had fruits with higher quality juice processing, and good yield. Among the rootstocks evaluated in chapter 2, Florida Rough lemon and Volkamer lemon are highlighted due to the higher accumulated yield and higher yield efficiency. Under the conditions evaluated in chapter 3, Pera CNPMF D-6, sweet orange presented higher tree size, higher accumulated yield and highest concentration of soluble solids in the fruits when it was grafted onto Swingle citrumelo, 1452 citrumelo, Stanford citrange and SW 70133 citrumelo, which are potentially compatible to this orange variety. The citrange ALP proved to be the worst rootstock, with lower tree size and lower yield. In chapter 4, Cleopatra mandarin and Riverside citrandarin led to greater initial yield for Persian lime. Except for the fruit weight, other fruit quality variables showed no statistical difference among the evaluated rootstocks.