Caracterização de frutos e molecular de umbu-cajazeiras (Spondias sp) no semi-àrido da Bahia

Abstract

The umbu-cajazeira plant (Spondias sp.) is a fruit found in all Brazilian states in the semi-arid region of the Northeast. The objective of the present work was to evaluate umbu-cajazeira genotypes located in the semi-arid region of Bahia using morphological characterization of fruits and molecular plant. Plants were evaluated according to plant height, perimeter of trunk and average diameter of canopy. Forty-eight plants were used for the molecular analysis and 30 for the morphological analysis. The following characters were evaluated: mass, length, diameter and fruit color, peel mass, seed mass and pulp yield, pH, tritable acidity, vitamin C, total soluble solids, soluble solids/tritable acidity ratio, total sugars, reducing sugars and non reducing sugars. The Doyle and Dolye protocol with modifications was used for the genomic DNA extraction. Twenty-one polymorphic primers were selected. For RAPD: Random Amplified Polymorpic DNA, the DNA fragments generated with each primer were separated in 1.2% agarose gels, stained with ethidium bromide and photographed under uv-light. One-hundred and forty-three amplification products were produced, 44.1% polymorphic, and average of three bands per primer and six clusters were formed. Genetic variability was greater within populations and the county of Santo Estevão presented smallest similarity indice. The morphological analysis from the characterization of the fruits allowed clustering of five groups whereas pulp percentage was the variable that most contributed for the group formation.