Dinâmica populacional das moscas-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae) em agrossistemas nos estados de Guayas e Santa Elena, Equador

Abstract

In the scientific literature the situation about Ecuador in relation to the fruit fly problem is not well known. The purpose of this work is to contribute to the knowledge about tefritids found in two important fruit producers’ provinces in the country. A detailed revision about the presence of these tefritids in the country was done, including the analysis of the monitoring during the years (2004-2006) in the production areas located in the provinces of Guayas and Santa Elena, the trapping program uses McPhail and Jackson traps, with feed and sexual attractants, respectively. The first registers of the fruit fly presence in Ecuador dated from 1925 and the last reports was in 2007, with the inclusion of five new species of Anastrepha registering a total of 38 species of that gender. There is a report about the presence Ceratitis capitata, as an introduced specie because its presence in the fruit production areas has increased in the last seven years. The data shows that 73.127 individuals were captured, 54.579 Anastrepha and 18.547 C. capitata. The first report in the region regarding A. macrura and the genus Hexachaeta sp was done by Hendel in 1914. An incremental in the population of species of Anastrepha, begin at the end of January up to March with the appearance of the rains, was noted. The fluctuation of the fruit fly maintains the same sequence of A. fraterculus, but in smaller proportions and fluctuations. The FTD index in January corresponds, approximately, five to 10 times to the verified in June-July; the population fluctuations of fruit fly didn't correlate with the precipitation, analyzed climatic parameter. A. fraterculus is the specie with the largest frequency, dominance and abundance, follow by A. obliqua, A. striata and A. serpentina.