Mapeamento de uso e ocupação do solo e avaliação macroscópica de nascentes na Comunidade da Boca da Mata-Ba

Abstract

Land use is a term that can be understood as the way in which man occupies space. The effects of land use cause environmental degradation, so the survey of land use and occupation is of great importance. Permanent Protection Areas (APPs) play a fundamental role in the preservation of geological stability, landscape, biodiversity, in addition to facilitating the gene flow of fauna and flora, contributing to the protection and conservation of the soil, being indispensable in the preservation of resources water. The CAR is a fundamental instrument for forging and composing environmental information on rural properties, contributing to the composition of the database for monitoring, control, environmental and economic planning, in addition to combating deforestation. In this sense, the objective of the study is to verify the dynamics of land use and occupation in the Jaguaripe Microbasin, to evaluate the macroscopic environmental impacts in six identified springs and to correlate with the registered data of CEFIR/CAR. The data used for the delimitation of the Microbasin were processed in Qgis 3.10.14 from Planetscope images from August 2020 with a spatial resolution of 3 meters, which covered the entire municipality of Cruz das Almas -BA. Using the SCP (Semi-Automatic Classification Plugin) complement with the Band processing/classification algorithm, the classification of land use and occupation in the Jaguaripe Microbasin was made into six classes, namely: 1) Vegetation; 2) Exposed soil; 3) Urban Area; 4) Pasture; 5) Degraded pasture; 6) Agricultural cultivation area. Accessing the SICAR (National Rural Environmental Registry System) download database, it was possible to download the shapefiles with the records of Registered Properties, Native Vegetation, APPs (Permanent Preservation Areas) and Legal Reserve Areas. The process of assessing the environmental impacts through the observation of the macroscopic aspects of the springs was carried out using the adapted methodology of the Environmental Impact Index on Springs (IIAN), thus establishing a classification of the state of conservation in springs. The vegetation class has the largest area obtained by image classification. From in loco observations, small areas of riparian forest can be observed and mostly secondary vegetation and mainly invasive species such as Jurema (Mimosa tenuiflora). The result of the macroscopic evaluation of the environmental quality index (IIAN) carried out in the springs located in the areas classified as vegetation, corroborates the bad and very bad scores, indicating the high rate of degradation in the Microbasin.