Diabetes Mellitus em cães: revisão de literatura

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is an endocrinopathy caused by deficient insulin production or resistance, leading to increased serum glucose levels. It is a disease that can develop in both dogs and cats, but especially in non-castrated, middle-aged to elderly females. The purpose of this paper is to collect data and information regarding the development of DM in dogs. Animals that develop DM may have clinical signs in several systems, but the classic signs, involve polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia and weight loss. The diagnosis of this endocrinopathy is not difficult, but it requires complementary tests, such as urinalysis and blood glucose measurement, along with the physical examination, in order to make an accurate diagnosis. A dog with DM needs treatment for the rest of its life, based on the application of insulin, readjustment of diet and regular exercise. The treatment must always be followed by close daily monitoring, so that the insulin dose can be adjusted to each patient. Untreated DM can lead to complications ranging from the development of cataracts to diabetic acidosis, which can lead the animal to death.