Aspectos anatomopatológicos de alterações cardíacas em cães e gatos necropsiados no Setor de Patologia Veterinária do HUMV/UFRB no período de 2015-2020. Estudo retrospectivo

Abstract

Cardiopathies are frequently difficult to diagnose in the early stages of their development. Usually these diseases are silente due to physiological compensatory mechanisms that occur in an attempt to keep blood pressure and constant blood flow, so animals can spend years asymptomatics. Conditions like those have increased in the veterinary clinic in the last years while the lifetime of domestic animals increases. The present study carried out data collection with the intention of measuring the frequency and predominance of cardiac alterations and their respective epidemiologies in dogs and cats. The data is based on the necropsy cases performed by the Veterinary Pathology Sector (SPV), of the University Hospital of Veterinary Medicine (HUMV) at the Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB) between the years 2015 and 2020. An analysis of the SPV records was carried out and the data collected were compiled, organized and divided between species, canine and feline. Of the total of 339 necropsies, 106 had cardiac injuries, which implies in almost a third of the total number of necropsied animals in the sector. Those numbers show a high occurrence of cardiac alterations in small animals. It was observed predominant numbers of male dogs, mixed-breed or Poodle breed from 1 to 7 years old. Among cats, females were the most affected, mixed-breed and Siamese breed from 1 to 7 years old. The most frequent cardiac alteration found in this study among the dogs was the valvular endocardiosis (41,9%) and located mainly in the two atrioventricular valves (27,8%) and/or isolated in the mitral valve (19,4%). Regarding cats, the most prevalent alteration was concentric myocardial hypertrophy (35%), and located mainly in the left ventricle (71,4%). The results of this study showed a high prevalence of cardiac alterations in domestic canines and felines, demonstrating a need for studies of this nature and grater attention during the clinical evaluation of companion animals.