Reflexões técnicas sobre a mitigação de risco construtivo em obras históricas

Abstract

Among the relevant historical sites exposed to risks, either by the action of time or by the lack of preventive measures, Cachoeira, the object of this study, stands out. Cachoeira was declared a World Heritage Site in 1971, in an area covering approximately 670 buildings. However, there are many buildings in advanced stages of degradation, including some already in ruins, a fact that, besides showing the ineffectiveness of preservation policies, also subjects the population to risks due to the threat of partial or total collapse of some structures. Thus, the objective of this study is to identify the presence of threats, from anomalies, failures or pathological manifestations and to investigate in scientific references possible technical solutions to control the existing risk. As a methodology, a field visit was made using a drone as an inspection tool, in which the existence of some degradation processes was evaluated, taking as a cut only the degradations that could be identified in the aerial images. Subsequently, the Web of Science was used as a referential base, searching for technical solutions used as a risk mitigation tool related to these threats, and then reflecting on the technical solutions for the specific case. The results obtained show that the technologies found in the analyzed material demonstrate ample potential to mitigate the proposed risks of biodeterioration, roof and structural instability. Thus, the study seeks to contribute to a vision about the best interventions to ensure the structural integrity of the cultural building, as well as for the sustainability and memory of the architectural value.