Fenologia de Itapicuru (Goniorrhachis marginata Taub.) em populações no Recôncavo da Bahia

Abstract

A Goniorrhachis marginata Taub. is a tree species of the Fabaceae – Caesalpinioideae family, distributed in the phytogeographic domains of the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga. For seed harvesting programs to develop, the phenological knowledge of the species is essential. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the phenological variations in populations of the species in the Recôncavo da Bahia. Four populations were established in which the phenophases were evaluated between September 2014 and August 2015, determining the frequency and Fournier activity in each one. The phenological results were related to the growth variables, seed production and also to the environmental ones, through the Multiple Factor Analysis. The maximum population frequency (%) of flower buds was 43.2% and a minimum of 25.0% in March 2015; respectively flower 56.8% and 31.5% in June 2015, immature fruit 74.3% and 40.7%; in the month of May 2015, mature fruit 65.7% and 38.9 in the month of June and fruits in dispersion in June and July 2015. Sprouting was more intense at the end of the rainy season, being the phenomenon of low population frequency. The production of fruits and seeds occurred between the months of February and July, however, to ensure a harvest of a greater quantity of ripe fruits, it must be intensified in July, since from that moment onwards dispersion intensifies. The vegetative phenophases are not synchronized, with flowering in the hot period and the fruits disperse in the rainy season, classifying the reproductive phenophase as being annual.