Tilapicultura brasileira e o uso de melhoramento genético para aperfeiçoamento das linhagens

Abstract

The term aquaculture refers to the cultivation, reproduction and disposal of aquatic organisms, for any commercial, recreational or public purpose, in any controlled aquatic environment such as lakes, reservoirs, rivers, the sea and constructed nurseries. Fish farming is the area of aquaculture that produces fish, we can classify it by productivity in three categories of production: extensive, semi-intensive and intensive; being the last one the most used for commercial production, for having faster growing time and greater biomass produced by space used. Within the fish culture we have the cultivation of tilapia called tilapaculture, in Brazil Tilapia is the most cultivated fish, in 2016 the production was more than 239 thousand tons, however some strategies are used to improve and enrich this crop, one of them is the genetical enhancement. Genetic improvement can be defined as a group of techniques and methods that act on the genetic value of the population, selecting phenotypic and genotypic traits in superior individuals of the population and performing the mating between them. In this sense, it can be seen that this tool has important relevance and can be useful in order to enrich and improve the creation and export of tilapia in Brazil.