Atributos físicos do solo em sistemas orgânicos de produção na Região do Agreste Baiano

Abstract

The soil in its natural state has physical properties that favor the good development of the plant, however, its misuse and intensive mobilization has generated great concern about its quality, being necessary the adoption of conservationist systems that prioritize the minimum cultivation and promote the physical quality of the soil. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate soil physical attributes in organic production systems in the Agreste Baiano region. The study was carried out at the. Humildes district, Feira de Santana - BA, where five areas under different uses were evaluated: pineapple system with grasses and spontaneous cover between the lines, passion fruit system under single crop in open soil, banana system in consortium with cocoa and maintenance of organic residue on the soil, agroforestry system with citrus, coffee, banana, acai and tree species, and native forest system. Sampling occurred at two depths: 0 - 0.2 and 0.2 - 0.4 m. For each depth the stability of the wet aggregates through the geometric mean diameter (DMG), weighted average diameter (WMD) and percentage of aggregates and soil mechanical resistance to root penetration were evaluated. Pineapple and native forest systems showed greater stability of aggregates (DMG and WMD) in the depth 0 - 0.2 m and in these depths, in the depth 0.2 - 0.4m the system was also highlighted agroforestry, due to the grass cover that favors the input of organic matter and in turn provides a greater aggregation of the soil. The system under banana cultivation presented the lowest soil resistance to root penetration, followed by the native forest. The systems that provided better physical condition of the soil were with pineapple and agroforestry in relation to the native forest.