Intervenções de enfermagem na prevenção das úlceras de pé diabético decorrentes do Diabetes Mellitus: revisão integrativa

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia and are associated with complications, dysfunction and failure of various organs, affects all age groups and its incidence increases with age. Diabetics who do not control their blood sugar properly can present problems related to changes in the sensitivity of the extremities, especially the feet, neuropathy is an essential factor for ulcer formation in nonischemic diabetic foot. The nurse is the healthcare professional as well as having key role in guiding and educating users, operates in monitoring the development of people with DM and control of complications of this disease. This study aimed to identify the nurse's role in the prevention of wounds caused by diabetes mellitus in the lower limbs. For the development of this work was chosen by the method of integrative literature review. Data collection was carried out between March and June 2016, in Scielo databases, LILACS and BDENF using as descriptors: "Diabetes Mellitus", "Primary Prevention", "Primary Health Care", "Nursing Care" and "Wounds and injuries." At the end we selected 10 articles published between 2006 and 2016, and 07 in Portuguese, 01 in English and 02 in Spanish. The results revealed by the selected studies show that educational strategies in health are a way to strengthen the practice of care with the legs of users living with DM, thus generating a change in the daily lives of these individuals and being able to generate positive changes in lifestyle of the same, especially in the self-management of care of the disease. In this context the nurse plays a fundamental role and becomes responsible for the effectiveness of a quality care of care of those users living with DM, including the commitment to prevention of possible complications, through the actions in education and health, guiding the user and family about the disease, alerting on healthy living habits and the realization of the dressing in the household when there is already installed complication.