Diagnóstico das condições físicas do solo da Estação Agroecológica Profa. Jamile Casa

Abstract

Diagnosing soil attributes and identifying their particularities is a fundamental principle for the development and applicability of agrarian sciences and practices, aiming at a productive performance of a structural basis necessary to increase agricultural production. In view of this, the present work aimed to perform a physical diagnosis of soil conditions in different uses of the Profa Agroecological Station. Jamile House. The research was carried out at the Agroecological Station Profa. Jamile House located at the Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB). The soil at the Station was classified as a Yellow Latosol. Four areas under different uses were selected: pasture; annual crops; regeneration area and conventional planting area and was evaluated for soil mechanical resistance to penetration in six replicates and geometric mean diameter in five replicates at depths of 0-0.20 m; 0.20-0.40 m and 0.40-0.60 m. Among the studied areas, the annual crop area presents the highest geometric mean diameter of the aggregates at depth 0-0.20 m resulting from the positive effect of the fallow period between crops and the rotation of crops in that area, generating accumulation of residues while the lowest value of geometric mean diameter was found in the conventional planting area, however, the regeneration area presented the highest values of geometric mean diameter in the depth of 0.40-0.60 m. In the 0-0.20 m depth, the areas under pasture, annual cultivation and regeneration area presented the lowest values of resistance to penetration compared to the area under conventional planting. For the penetration resistance, in the depth of 0.20-0.40 m, it was verified that all the systems under study are above the critical limit of 2.0 MPa, indicating that in all the study areas they are compacted in this while in the depth of 0.40-0.60 m the values of soil mechanical resistance to penetration in pasture, conventional and regeneration areas decreased.