Desafios e potencialidades do trabalho do enfermeiro no cuidado aos usuários de substâncias psicoativas na atenção básica de saúde

Abstract

Under the Mental Health, the abuse of alcohol and other drugs is a topic that covers historical, social and economic factors which have a direct impact on other areas of health. Thus, in 2003 the policy of the Ministry of Health for the Integral Attention Users of Alcohol and other Drugs defined the standards and guidelines for the establishment of Community Mental Health Services specialized in servicing users of alcohol and other drugs (CAPS -ad) then promoting an initiative to bring these users to the Primary Health Care (PHC). Thus the CAPS-ad must work in coordination with other health institutions, especially within the Family Health Strategy (FHS) that acts as a gateway to the entire community. The FHS proposes his work on the logic of health promotion and prevention of diseases and/or injuries allies’ integration service user and his entire family in the community - so this strategy has key elements in the care users of alcohol and other drugs. In this perspective the practicing nurse in the FHS, as a professional that has unique characteristics with regard to prevention and care, is a key element to solving this problem. In this sense it becomes relevant to examine, in this work, through the literature review, the challenges and potential of nursing work of the Family Health Strategy in the care of people who consume improperly alcohol and other drugs. The results from the analysis of the studies, three approaches on this topic were found: perceptions of nurses about the phenomenon of the abuse of alcohol and other drugs; challenges and potentials of the work of the nurse in the care of drug users and other challenges of the nurse in caring for users of alcohol and other drugs under the Family Health Strategy. Thus, it was noted that nurses often have a vision based on the use of these substances associated with crime, it was also noted that the home visits, nursing consultations and the search for support in specialized institutions are important activities in the care these users and other challenges such as the lack of professional training and a little approach this subject during graduation undermine the role of the nurse users of alcohol and other drugs.